STM32CubeProgrammer flashlayout

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Article purpose

This article describes the FlashLayout file format.

This file is used as an input by STM32CubeProgrammer tool in order to:

  1. define the Flash memory partitions (see STM32MP15_Flash_mapping)
  2. select the files used to boot (see Boot chains overview) and then populate each partition.

The embedded programming service processes this file on the device and interacts with STM32CubeProgrammer to update the Flash memory.
This is done by the stm32prog command in U-Boot. This command is automatically executed for a serial boot (on USB or UART). However you can launch it manually from the U-Boot console: this is useful if you want to perform a non-virgin board update front of STM32CubeProgrammer, without manipulating the boot pins.

See AN5275: USB DFU/USART protocols used in STM32MP1 Series bootloaders for protocol details and refer to STM32CubeProgrammer article to know how to use this tool.

The next chapters:

The FSBL and SSBL definitions can be found in the Boot chains overview.

FlashLayout file format

The FlashLayout is a text file with a tab-separated-value format (tsv). It includes the below elements:

The lines beginning with the '#' character are ignored and treated as comments.

The "Binary" last column is not used by U-Boot. It is used by STM32CubeProgrammer on the host computer to select the files to be sent to the target.

Several tabulations (<tab>) can be used to allow the correct column alignment in the editor. They are ignored by STM32CubeProgrammer and by U-Boot.

Empty fields are not allowed. The FlashLayout file format supports the none reserved word.

Examples

Below some valid FlashLayout files: 

#opt	Id	Name	Type		Device	Offset		Binary
P	0x01	fsbl1	Binary		mmc0	0x00004400	fsbl.stm32
P	0x02	fsbl2	Binary		mmc0	0x00044400	fsbl.stm32
P	0x03	ssbl	Binary		mmc0	0x00084400	ssbl.stm32
P	0x10	bootfs	System		mmc0	0x00284400	bootfs.ext4
P	0x11	rootfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x08284400	rootfs.ext4
PE	0x12	userfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x28284400	none

Above, the first line contains only header information. This is not mandatory, as shown below: 

-	0x01	fsbl_boot	Binary		none	0x0	fsbl.stm32
-	0x03	ssbl_boot	Binary		none	0x0	ssbl.stm32
P	0x32	sdcard		RawImage	mmc0	0x0	sdcard.bin

Field1: Options

The Options field defines the operations to perform with a combination of characters: - P D E provided in any order;
First select the line of the FlashLayout with '-' or 'P':

  • '-' : none option, the partition or the device is not modified (mandatory if #Field5: Device = none)
  • 'P' : Program the partition or the device
U-Boot requests the binary to STM32CubeProgrammer and programs the partition or the Flash device.
On the block devices (SD card or e•MMC), the GPT partitioning is performed if all partitions of the device are selected with P.
For the 'P' option, two optional modifiers can be added:
  • 'E' : Empty partition or device, update is not requested (associated "Id" is skipped)
  • 'D' : Delete partition or device

受支持的烧写组合如下字符所示:

  • - : 无需任何操作
  • P : 更新 = 对分区或闪存设备进行烧写。
  • PE : 无需更新 (also {{HighlightParam|EP}) : 允许对块设备使用空分区的GPT分区，但对于RAW闪存设备则等同于“-”。
  • PD : 清空分区并更新 (also DP)
  • PDE : 删除并保留为空' (also PED / DPE / DEP / EPD / EDP)

All other combinations are invalid.

Field2: Id

Id identifies in a unique way the "download phase" requested by the device to STM32CubeProgrammer.
It is used by the embedded programming service to identify the next binary that is downloaded to the device:

  • ROM code and FSBL: binary loaded in RAM
  • SSBL (U-Boot): binary populated in Flash memory

The FlashLayout supported ranges are :

Range Partition
0x01 to 0x0F Boot partitions with STM32 header: SSBL, FSBL, other (TEE, Cortex-M4 firmware)
0x10 to 0xF0 user partitions programmed without header (uimage, dtb, rootfs, vendorfs, userfs)

The Id 0x01 and 0x03 are reserved for FSBL and SSBL, respectively. They are loaded in RAM by ROM code and by FSBL.

Reserved Id

The reserved values are the following:

Code Partition
0x00 FlashLayout (used internally, cannot be used in FlashLayout file)
0x01 FSBL (first copy) : used by ROM code (load in RAM)
0x03 SSBL : used by FSBL=TF-A (load in RAM)
0xF1 to 0xFD "virtual partition": used internally
0xF1 Command GetPhase
0xF2 OTP
0xF3 SSP
0xF4 PMIC NVM
0xFE End of operation
0xFF Reset

Using Id for boot partition

The same FSBL and SSBL binaries can be loaded in RAM and programmed in Flash memory. Then a simple mapping is used:

Code Partition
0x01 (reserved) FSBL (first copy)
0x02 (default) FSBL (second copy)
0x03 (reserved) SSBL

However, in the FlashLayout file, any other Id lower than 0x10 (boot partition with STM32 header) can identify the FSBL and SSBL binaries to be programmed in Flash memory.
It enables having different binaries loaded in RAM and programmed in Flash memory, for example when an updated feature is deactivated in the binaries to be programmed in Flash memory.

You can then use the boot partitions (see example in #Load and program different binaries)

Code Partition
0x01 (reserved) FSBL to boot : loaded by ROM code
0x03 (reserved) SSBL to boot : loaded by FSBL
0x02 FSBL to program in Flash memory (first copy)
0x04 FSBL to program in Flash memory (second copy)
0x05 SSBL to program in Flash memory

This behavior is needed for the STM32 MPU boot chain with Trusted Firmware-A (TF-A) as FSBL and U-Boot as SSBL; The used mapping is:

Code File Description
0x01 (reserved) tf-a-serialboot.stm32 FSBL to boot : TF-A with serial load support
0x03 (reserved) u-boot.stm32 SSBL to boot and to program
0x02 tf-a.stm32 FSBL to program: first copy
0x04 tf-a.stm32 FSBL to program: second copy

Field3: Name

Name of the alternate setting of the USB DFU[1] for U-Boot enumeration. This is a string descriptor that indicates the target memory segment (see Interface Descriptor in DFU spec [2])

This is also the name of the Block device GPT partition: SD card / e•MMC.

The requirements for the GPT partitions are:

  • FSBL for SD card boot: the name must start with "fsbl"= fsbl, fsbl1, fsbl2... (ROM code requirement)
  • SSBL for e•MMC/SD card boot: the name must be "ssbl" (TF-A requirement)
  • TEE partition names (when present) must use the names expected by TF-A :
    • OPTEE_HEADER_IMAGE_NAME "teeh"
    • OPTEE_PAGED_IMAGE_NAME "teed"
    • OPTEE_PAGER_IMAGE_NAME "teex"
  • a partition named "rootfs", see specific behavior described in #GPT partuuid of rootfs partition.

These requirements are not verified by U-Boot during the Flash programming. If they are not fulfilled, the ROM code or TF-A does not find the boot stage binary and the boot from Flash memory fails.

Field4: Type

Type is only used in U-Boot to select the part of Flash memory to be updated:

The supported values are:

GPT MTD
Type SD card e•MMC NAND Flash memory NOR Flash memory RAM
Binary x x x x x
Binary(N) ssbl
FileSystem x x x x dtb
System x x UBI UBI kernel
RawImage x user data x x

Block device GPT partition: SD card / e•MMC

Refer to GPT standard for details [3].

The supported values, with associated partition type GUID (globally unique identifiers[4]), are:

  • Binary : raw data / linux reserved
    (GUID = 8DA63339-0007-60C0-C436-083AC8230908)
  • FileSystem : Linux filesystem data
    (GUID = 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4)
    ext2/ext4/fat file system
  • System : FileSystem partition marked as bootable and used by U-Boot to find extlinux.conf configuration file (normally only one in the device, generic DISTRO feature)

For a Block device, the GPT header is updated only if all the partitions of this device are selected with the P option (full update).

Raw Flash device (NAND/NOR Flash memories) MTD partition

The supported values are:

  • Binary: raw data, skip bad block (partition erase is not needed)
  • Binary(N): raw data, skip bad block. The loaded binary is repeated N times.
    It is only supported for NAND Flash memories. It is used to avoid disturbances during the first boot (uncorrectable ECC errors).
    The first good block is read from NAND and duplicated N times in the same partition (write skip bad block).
  • FileSystem: unspecified File system, raw data
  • System : normally UBI volume, U-Boot erases all the blocks following the last data in the MTD partition to avoid mount errors.

Hardware device

Export the associated device as one alternate setting by using Type=RawImage.

  • For SD card, NOR and NAND Flash memories: all the devices
  • For e•MMC: the user data area of e•MMC (see #Field6: Offset for access to the boot area partitions)

For RawImage, Offset=0x0 and PartId >= 0x10

RAM device (DDR)

The supported values are:

  • Binary: raw data
  • FileSystem: device tree used in the bootm command
  • System : kernel image used in the bootm command (uImage.bin for example)

When a RAM device is present in the FlashLayout, the programming service will not reboot but start the loaded kernel image with the associated device tree (when present, when it is absent the U-Boot device tree is used).

Field5: Device

Select the targeted device and the instance (starting at 0) as defined by U-Boot device tree:

  • mmc + instance : mmc0, mmc1, mmc2
    It is used for e•MMC or SD card on SDMMC. In the below examples:
    • SD card = mmc0 (SDMMC1)
    • e•MMC = mmc1 (SDMMC2)
  • nor + instance : nor0
    It is used for NOR on QUADSPI.
  • nand + instance : nand0
    It is used for parallel NAND Flash memories on FMC.
  • spi-nand + instance : spi-nand0
    It is used for serial NAND Flash memories on QSPI.
  • none only used to load the programming service in RAM
    It is allowed only for the reserved bootloaders partition (FSBL=0x1 and SSBL=0x3). In this case, the only allowed fields are: Type=Binary, Offset=0x0 and option=-
  • ram + instance : ram0
    It is used for files loaded in RAM by the programming service, for example to load and execute kernel.

Several devices can be mixed in the same FlashLayout file.

Field6: Offset

The supported values are:

  • boot1: first boot area partition of e•MMC (offset is 0x0)
  • boot2: second boot area partition of e•MMC (offset is 0x0)
  • Offset in Bytes: offset in Flash memory area (in the user data area for e•MMC)

Refer to #Partition sizes for offset constraints.

Field7: Binary

This file is used by STM32CubeProgrammer to find the file associated to each Id when it is requested by embedded programming service .

The file can be absent (Binary=none in the tsv file) only for skipped partitions tagged with the E option. In all other cases, this file is sent to U-Boot to update the Flash memory only for the partitions selected with the P option.

GPT partuuid of rootfs partition

If #Field3: Name = rootfs for block device (SD card / e•MMC), U-Boot also sets a unique partition guid [4](PARTUUID) for each instance:

  • mmc0: PARTUUID = "e91c4e10-16e6-4c0e-bd0e-77becf4a3582"
  • mmc1: PARTUUID = "491f6117-415d-4f53-88c9-6e0de54deac6"
  • mmc2: PARTUUID = "fd58f1c7-be0d-4338-8ee9-ad8f050aeb18"

This partition PARTUUID is distinct from the filesystem UUID and it is persistent.

Refer to GPT standard for details. [3]

This value can be used with the "root" argument in the kernel bootargs to identify the partition used for the "Root filesystem". For instance, "root=PARTUUID=e91c4e10-16e6-4c0e-bd0e-77becf4a3582" [5] starts with the partition named rootfs on mmc0.

Partition operations

To update only one partition, use the same FlashLayout file, keep the #Field1: Options=P for the partition to update and change the others to -.
To update ssbl partition: 

-	0x01	fsbl1	Binary		mmc0	0x00004400	fsbl.stm32
-	0x02	fsbl2	Binary		mmc0	0x00044400	fsbl.stm32
P	0x03	ssbl	Binary		mmc0	0x00084400	ssbl.stm32
-	0x10	bootfs	System		mmc0	0x00284400	bootfs.ext4
-	0x11	rootfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x08284400	rootfs.ext4
-	0x12	userfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x28284400	userfs.ext4

To delete only one partition, add the DE option on the corresponding line.
To delete ssbl partition: 

-	0x01	fsbl1	Binary		mmc0	0x00004400	fsbl.stm32
-	0x02	fsbl2	Binary		mmc0	0x00044400	fsbl.stm32
PDE	0x03	ssbl	Binary		mmc0	0x00084400	ssbl.stm32
-	0x10	bootfs	System		mmc0	0x00284400	bootfs.ext4
-	0x11	rootfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x08284400	rootfs.ext4
-	0x12	userfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x28284400	userfs.ext4

Partition sizes

The partitions are contiguous (no holes in Flash memory).
The last partition continues until the end of the selected Flash memory.

To reduce the size of the last partition, use an 'Empty' partition and leave it unused.

All the partitions need to be present in the FlashLayout file, even if they are not selected or empty.
Then the offset and size of each partition are compared with:

  • pre-existing GPT partitioning, for updates on block devices (e•MMC or SD card)
  • predefined partitioning for MTD devices (NOR and NAND): see mtdparts environment variable in U-Boot for more information.

In case of partition size error, compare the existing partition size in U-Boot with the offset in the FlashLayout file.

GPT partition sizes

Each GPT partition must be aligned to:

  • 512 bytes (LBA)
  • e•MMC erase group size

The first partition starts after 17 Kbytes (default size of GPT header for 128 entries in U-Boot).

Prior to updating partitions in a block device, check the partition size by executing the U-Boot command "part list" on the selected device:

Board $> part list mmc 0 

Partition Map for MMC device 0  --   Partition Type: EFI

Part	Start LBA	End LBA		Name
	Attributes
	Type GUID
	Partition GUID
  1	0x00000022	0x00000221	"fsbl1"
	attrs:	0x0000000000000000
	type:	ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7
	type:	data
	guid:	8ef917d1-2c6f-4bd0-a5b2-331a19f91cb2
  2	0x00000222	0x00000421	"fsbl2"
	attrs:	0x0000000000000000
	type:	ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7
	type:	data
	guid:	77877125-add0-4374-9e60-02cb591c9737
  3	0x00000422	0x00001821	"ssbl"
	attrs:	0x0000000000000000
	type:	ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7
	type:	data
	guid:	b4b84b8a-04e3-48ae-8536-aff5c9c495b1
  4	0x00001822	0x00021821	"bootfs"
	attrs:	0x0000000000000004
	type:	0fc63daf-8483-4772-8e79-3d69d8477de4
	type:	linux
	guid:	35219908-c613-4b08-9322-3391ff571e19
  5	0x00021822	0x00029821	"vendorfs"
	attrs:	0x0000000000000000
	type:	0fc63daf-8483-4772-8e79-3d69d8477de4
	type:	linux
	guid:	8e123a33-e3d3-4db9-92f4-d3ebd9b3224f
  6	0x00029822	0x001a9821	"rootfs"
	attrs:	0x0000000000000000
	type:	0fc63daf-8483-4772-8e79-3d69d8477de4
	type:	linux
	guid:	02a90af2-5d1c-4a29-9177-97a513e3cae4
  7	0x001a9822	0x003a9fdc	"userfs"
	attrs:	0x0000000000000000
	type:	0fc63daf-8483-4772-8e79-3d69d8477de4
	type:	linux
	guid:	3d5088db-a534-413e-836d-c757cb682814

Warning: Start and end are indicated in multiple of LBA (512 bytes by default).

To check the e•MMC erase group size in U-Boot, select the mmc device (here 1) and use the command "mmc info" in U-Boot.

Board $> mmc dev 1 

 switch to partitions #0, OK
 mmc1(part 0) is current device

Board $> mmc info 

 Device: STM32 SDMMC2
 Manufacturer ID: 11
 OEM: 100
 Name: 004G6 
 Bus Speed: 52000000
 Mode : MMC High Speed (52MHz)
 Rd Block Len: 512
 MMC version 5.0
 High Capacity: Yes
 Capacity: 3.7 GiB
 Bus Width: 8-bit
 Erase Group Size: 512 KiB
 HC WP Group Size: 4 MiB
 User Capacity: 3.7 GiB WRREL
 Boot Capacity: 2 MiB ENH
 RPMB Capacity: 512 KiB ENH

MTD partition sizes

Each MTD partition must be aligned to the device erase block size (NOR/NAND Flash memory).

In U-Boot command :

Board $> nand info 

 Device 0: nand0, sector size 256 KiB
   Page size       4096 b
   OOB size         224 b
   Erase size    262144 b
   subpagesize     4096 b
   options     0x00084200
   bbt options 0x00060000

Board $> sf probe 

 SF: Detected mx25l51235f with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 64 MiB

For MTD, the U-Boot uses the mtdparts variable. Execute the U-Boot command mtdparts to know the current value:

Board $> mtdparts

By default on ST board, the mtdpart variable is built dynamically in board_mtdparts_default() under CONFIG_SYS_MTDPARTS_RUNTIME with the ST configs:

  • CONFIG_MTDPARTS_NAND0_BOOT = "2m(fsbl),2m(ssbl1),2m(ssbl2)"
  • CONFIG_MTDPARTS_NAND0_TEE = "512k(teeh),512k(teed),512k(teex)"
  • CONFIG_MTDPARTS_NOR0_BOOT = "256k(fsbl1),256k(fsbl2),2m(ssbl),512k(u-boot-env)"
  • CONFIG_MTDPARTS_NOR0_TEE = "256k(teeh),512k(teed),256k(teex)"
  • CONFIG_MTDPARTS_SPINAND0_BOOT = 2m(fsbl),2m(ssbl1),2m(ssbl2)"
  • CONFIG_MTDPARTS_SPINAND0_TEE = "512k(teeh),512k(teed),512k(teex)"

On NAND Flash, the last partition 'UBI' uses the remaining space.

On NOR Flash, the last partition named 'nor_user', is a free MTD partition which uses the remaining space.

We align each partition size on max supported erase block size (512 Kbytes on NAND and 256 Kbytes on NOR).

To change the MTP partitioning on NOR and NAND Flash memories, update these configurations in your U-Boot defconfig as explained in U-Boot or override this behavior in your board.

Typical FlashLayout file

This chapter describes the Layout file for the typical boot use cases based on STM32MP15_Flash_mapping when TEE is not used and associated partitions are absent (teeh, teed and teex).

Data are presented in tables for better readability despite the Layout file is plain text.

In the next examples, the STM32MP15 boot chain is used together with the following files:

  • FSBL = TF-A, with 2 different binary as by default TF-A as no STM32CubeProgrammer support
    • FSBL to boot = tf-a-serialboot.stm32 (TF-A with STM32CubeProgrammer support)
    • FSBL to program = tf-a.stm32 (TF-A without OP-TEE support)
  • SSBL = u-boot.stm32

NOR Flash memory and SD card

NOR Flash memory in RAW, containing the bootloaders. It uses two copies for FSBL (for failsafe update) and one copy for SSBL.
SD card using GPT: several user EXT4 partitions.

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary nor0 0x0 tf-a.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl2 Binary nor0 0x40000 tf-a.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl Binary nor0 0x80000 u-boot.stm32
PED 0x20 env Binary nor0 0x280000 none
PE 0x21 unused Binary nor0 0x300000 none
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc0 0x00004400 bootfs.ext4
P 0x11 vendorfs FileSystem mmc0 0x04284400 vendorfs.ext4
P 0x12 rootfs FileSystem mmc0 0x05284400 rootfs.ext4
P 0x13 userfs FileSystem mmc0 0x35284400 userfs.ext4

The PartId 0x20 is empty/deleted in nor0, the U-Boot environment is cleared.

The PartId 0x21 is an empty/free user partition associated to 'nor_user' MTD partition in U-Boot

The 'System' partition named "bootfs" is marked 'bootable'.

The partition named "rootfs" has a specific PARTUUID.

NAND Flash memory

BootLoader using RAW and then U-Boot environment and file system in UBI volume.

FSBL (TF-A) uses two RAW copies to avoid NAND Flash memory disturbances inside one partition.

SSBL (U-Boot) uses two copies in two RAW partitions to avoid NAND Flash memory disturbances inside one partition.

One MTD partition for UBI with several volumes: uboot_config, uboot_config_r, rootfs, vendorfs, and userfs.

For parallel NAND, the MTD device is nand0:

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl Binary(2) nand0 0x0 tf-a.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl1 Binary nand0 0x200000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x04 ssbl2 Binary nand0 0x400000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 UBI FileSystem nand0 0x600000 ubi.bin

For serial NAND, the MTD device is spi-nand0:

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl Binary(2) spi-nand0 0x0 tf-a.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl1 Binary spi-nand0 0x200000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x04 ssbl2 Binary spi-nand0 0x400000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 UBI FileSystem spi-nand0 0x600000 ubi.bin

e•MMC

TF-A is copied in the two boot area partitions of e•MMC (hidden partition).

The GPT partitioning is used on the user area. U-Boot starts just after the GPT header at 17-Kbyte offset.

The other partitions are pre-populated with ext4 partition.

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary mmc1 boot1 tf-a.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl2 Binary mmc1 boot2 tf-a.stm32
PD 0x03 ssbl Binary mmc1 0x00080000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc1 0x00280000 bootfs.ext4
P 0x11 vendorfs FileSytem mmc1 0x04280000 vendorfs.ext4
P 0x12 rootfs FileSytem mmc1 0x05280000 rootfs.ext4
P 0x13 userfs FileSytem mmc1 0x35280000 userfs.ext4

The partition 0x3 U-Boot is erased before update with option D to clean the U-Boot environment located at the end of this partition.

The 'System' partition named "bootfs" is marked 'bootable'.

The partition named "rootfs" has a specific PARTUUID.

SD card

RAW partition: two TF-A partitions, then U-Boot. The GPT partitioning is used so fsbl1 starts just after the GPT header at 17-Kbyte offset.

The other partitions are pre-populated with ext4 partition.

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary mmc0 0x4400 tf-a.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl2 Binary mmc0 0x00044400 tf-a.stm32
PD 0x03 ssbl Binary mmc0 0x00084400 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc0 0x00284400 bootfs.ext4
P 0x11 vendorfs FileSytem mmc0 0x04284400 vendorfs.ext4
P 0x12 rootfs FileSytem mmc0 0x05284400 rootfs.ext4
P 0x13 userfs FileSytem mmc0 0x35284400 userfs.ext4

The partition 0x3 U-Boot is erased before update with option D to clean the U-Boot environment located at the end of this partition.

The 'System' partition named "bootfs" is marked 'bootable'.

The partition named "rootfs" has a specific PARTUUID.

Typical FlashLayout file with TEE

This chapter describes the Layout file with TEE partitions for the trusted typical boot use case based on STM32MP15_Flash_mapping.

Since TF-A binary for OPTEE does not support STM32CubeProgrammer, two different FSBL binaries are used:

  • FSBL to boot = tf-a-serialboot.stm32 (TF-A with STM32CubeProgrammer support)
  • FSBL to program= tf-a-optee.stm32(TF-A with OP-TEE support)

NOR Flash memory and SD card with TEE

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary nor0 0x0 tf-a-optee.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl2 Binary nor0 0x40000 tf-a-optee.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl Binary nor0 0x80000 u-boot.stm32
PED 0x20 env Binary nor0 0x280000 none
P 0x05 teeh Binary nor0 0x00300000 tee-header.stm32
P 0x06 teed Binary nor0 0x00340000 tee-pageable.stm32
P 0x07 teex Binary nor0 0x00380000 tee-pager.stm32
PE 0x21 unused Binary nor0 0x400000 none
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc0 0x00004400 bootfs.ext4
P 0x11 vendorfs FileSystem mmc0 0x04284400 vendorfs.ext4
P 0x12 rootfs FileSystem mmc0 0x05284400 rootfs.ext4
P 0x13 userfs FileSystem mmc0 0x35284400 userfs.ext4

NAND Flash memory with TEE

WARNING: the 'tee' partitions are not duplicated in the next example, possible reliability issue with NAND disturbance.

For parallel NAND, the MTD device is nand0:

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary(2) nand0 0x0 tf-a-optee.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl1 Binary nand0 0x200000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x04 ssbl2 Binary nand0 0x400000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x05 teeh Binary nand0 0x600000 tee-header.stm32
P 0x06 teed Binary nand0 0x680000 tee-pageable.stm32
P 0x07 teex Binary nand0 0x700000 tee-pager.stm32
P 0x10 UBI FileSystem nand0 0x780000 ubi.bin

For serial NAND, the MTD device is spi-nand0:

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary(2) spi-nand0 0x0 tf-a-optee.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl1 Binary spi-nand0 0x200000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x04 ssbl2 Binary spi-nand0 0x400000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x05 teeh Binary spi-nand0 0x600000 tee-header.stm32
P 0x06 teed Binary spi-nand0 0x680000 tee-pageable.stm32
P 0x07 teex Binary spi-nand0 0x700000 tee-pager.stm32
P 0x10 UBI FileSystem spi-nand0 0x780000 ubi.bin

e•MMC with TEE

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary mmc1 boot1 tf-a-optee.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl2 Binary mmc1 boot2 tf-a-optee.stm32
PD 0x03 ssbl Binary mmc1 0x00080000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x05 teeh Binary mmc1 0x00280000 tee-header.stm32
P 0x06 teed Binary mmc1 0x00300000 tee-pageable.stm32
P 0x07 teex Binary mmc1 0x00380000 tee-pager.stm32
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc1 0x00400000 bootfs.ext4.stm32
P 0x11 vendorfs FileSytem mmc1 0x04400000 vendorfs.ext4
P 0x12 rootfs FileSytem mmc1 0x05400000 rootfs.ext4
P 0x13 userfs FileSytem mmc1 0x35400000 userfs.ext4

SD card with TEE

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary mmc0 0x4400 tf-a-optee.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl2 Binary mmc0 0x00044400 tf-a-optee.stm32
PD 0x03 ssbl Binary mmc0 0x00084400 u-boot.stm32
P 0x05 teeh Binary mmc0 0x00284400 tee-header.stm32
P 0x06 teed Binary mmc0 0x002C4400 tee-pageable.stm32
P 0x07 teex Binary mmc0 0x00344400 tee-pager.stm32
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc0 0x00384400 bootfs.ext4
P 0x11 vendorfs FileSytem mmc0 0x04384400 vendorfs.ext4
P 0x12 rootfs FileSytem mmc0 0x05384400 rootfs.ext4
P 0x13 userfs FileSytem mmc0 0x35304400 userfs.ext4

FlashLayout file to load and start kernel

Load programming service with Device=none.

Load kernel uImage and device tree in DDR, Device=ram0.

This Linux kernel is started by a bootm command after the STM32CubeProgrammer detach command.

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
- 0x03 ssbl Binary none 0x0 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 kernel System ram0 0xC2000000 uImage.bin
P 0x11 dtb FileSytem ram0 0xC4000000 stm32mp157f-ev1.dtb

Using provided FlashLayout files

The binary and the associated pre-defined FlashLayout files are provided by ST in the Discovery kit.

For example, in STM32MP15 Discovery kits, you can find the distribution images as well as the file FlashLayout_sdcard_stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.tsv: 

#Opt	Id	Name	Type	IP	Offset	Binary
-	0x01	fsbl1-boot	Binary	none	0x0	arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp157f-ev1-serialboot.stm32
-	0x03	ssbl-boot	Binary	none	0x0	bootloader/u-boot-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
P	0x04	fsbl1	Binary	mmc0	0x00004400	arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
P	0x05	fsbl2	Binary	mmc0	0x00044400	arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
PD	0x06	ssbl	Binary	mmc0	0x00084400	bootloader/u-boot-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
P	0x21	bootfs	System	mmc0	0x00284400	st-image-bootfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
P	0x22	vendorfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x04284400	st-image-vendorfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
P	0x23	rootfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x05284400	st-image-weston-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
P	0x24	userfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x33C84400	st-image-userfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4

You can use these FlashLayout files as a starting point and simply modify them:

Updating partitions

To update only some partitions, change the FlashLayout and only "select" the partitions that need to be updated:
Options field inside the FlashLayout is kept to P for partition(s) that need to be updated, others are changed to -.
Then execute STM32CubeProgrammer as before.

Example to update only U-Boot binary and st-image-bootfs filesystem :

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl1-boot Binary none 0x0 arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp157f-ev1-serialboot.stm32
- 0x03 ssbl-boot Binary none 0x0 bootloader/u-boot-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
- 0x04 fsbl1 Binary mmc0 0x00004400 arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp15f-ev1-trusted.stm32
- 0x05 fsbl2 Binary mmc0 0x00044400 arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp15f-ev1-trusted.stm32
PD 0x06 ssbl Binary mmc0 0x00084400 bootloader/ u-boot-stm32mp15f-ev1-trusted.stm32
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc0 0x00284400 st-image-bootfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
- 0x11 vendorfs FileSystem mmc0 0x04284400 st-image-vendorfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
- 0x12 rootfs FileSystem mmc0 0x05284400 st-image-core-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
- 0x13 userfs FileSystem mmc0 0x33C84400 st-image-userfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4

The associated text file becomes : 

#Opt	Id	Name	Type	IP	Offset	Binary
-	0x01	fsbl1-boot	Binary	none	0x0	arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp157f-ev1-serialboot.stm32
-	0x03	ssbl-boot	Binary	none	0x0	bootloader/u-boot-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
-	0x04	fsbl1	Binary	mmc0	0x00004400	arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
-	0x05	fsbl2	Binary	mmc0	0x00044400	arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
PD	0x06	ssbl	Binary	mmc0	0x00084400	bootloader/u-boot-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
P	0x21	bootfs	System	mmc0	0x00284400	st-image-bootfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
-	0x22	vendorfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x04284400	st-image-vendorfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
-	0x23	rootfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x05284400	st-image-weston-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
-	0x24	userfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x33C84400	st-image-userfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4

Updating partitions using official ST bootloaders

If bootloader, FSBL or SSBL are modified, and the STM32CubeProgrammer support is lost for any reason (for example if the stm32prog command is removed), you can still program these new files by selecting the correct binary setting for the partitions 0x01 and 0x03 with Device=none and change the Id for the binaries to program in Flash, as indicated in chapter "Field2: Id".

For example, with ST board, you can flash Customer-modified binary by using the ST original file. The new Layout file is:

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl1-boot Binary none 0x0 arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp157f-ev1-serialboot.stm32
- 0x03 ssbl-boot Binary none 0x0 bootloader/u-boot-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl1 Binary mmc0 0x00004400 <Customer-tf-a>.stm32
P 0x05 fsbl2 Binary mmc0 0x00044400 <Customer-tf-a>.stm32
PD 0x06 ssbl Binary mmc0 0x00084400 <Customer-u-boot>.stm32
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc0 0x00284400 st-image-bootfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
P 0x11 vendorfs FileSystem mmc0 0x04284400 st-image-vendorfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
P 0x12 rootfs FileSystem mmc0 0x05284400 st-image-core-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
P 0x13 userfs FileSystem mmc0 0x33C84400 st-image-userfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4

The associated text file becomes : 

#Opt	Id	Name	Type	IP	Offset	Binary
-	0x01	fsbl1-boot	Binary	none	0x0	arm-trusted-firmware/tf-a-stm32mp157f-ev1-serialboot.stm32
-	0x03	ssbl-boot	Binary	none	0x0	bootloader/u-boot-stm32mp157f-ev1-trusted.stm32
P	0x04	fsbl1	Binary	mmc0	0x00004400	tf-a.stm32
P	0x05	fsbl2	Binary	mmc0	0x00044400	tf-a.stm32
PD	0x06	ssbl	Binary	mmc0	0x00084400	u-boot.stm32
P	0x21	bootfs	System	mmc0	0x00284400	st-image-bootfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
P	0x22	vendorfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x04284400	st-image-vendorfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
P	0x23	rootfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x05284400	st-image-weston-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4
P	0x24	userfs	FileSystem	mmc0	0x33C84400	st-image-userfs-openstlinux-weston-stm32mp1.ext4

Other FlashLayout examples

NOR and NAND Flash memories

NOR Flash memory in RAW: TF-A uses several partitions for failsafe update, then U-Boot.
NAND Flash memory in UBI: only one large MTD partition for UBI volumes and UBIFS.

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
P 0x01 fsbl1 Binary nor0 0x0 tf-a.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl2 Binary nor0 0x40000 tf-a.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl Binary nor0 0x80000 u-boot.stm32
PED 0x20 env Binary nor0 0x280000 none
PE 0x21 unused Binary nor0 0x300000 none
P 0x10 UBI FileSystem nand0 0x0 ubi.bin

The PartId 0x21 is an empty/free user partition associated to 'nor_user' MTD partition in U-Boot.

Or with TEE support:

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary nor0 0x0 tf-a-optee.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl2 Binary nor0 0x40000 tf-a-optee.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl Binary nor0 0x80000 u-boot.stm32
PE 0x20 env Binary nor0 0x280000 none
P 0x05 teeh Binary nor0 0x00300000 tee-header.stm32
P 0x06 teed Binary nor0 0x00340000 tee-pageable.stm32
P 0x07 teex Binary nor0 0x003C0000 tee-pager.stm32
PE 0x21 unused Binary nor0 0x400000 none
P 0x10 UBI FileSystem nand0 0x0 ubi.bin

NAND with SSBL in UBI

FSBL (TF-A) uses two partitions (for failsafe update), with two copies in each partition .

SSBL (U-Boot) is present in a RAW volume of the UBI partition.
The binary is also present in FlashLayout file to be loaded in RAM (Opt=-, Part=0x3, Device=none).

One MTD partition for UBI with several volumes: u-boot, uboot_config, uboot_config_r, rootfs, vendorfs, and userfs.

As it is not the ST default configuration, the MTD partitioning must be changed in U-Boot.

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a-serialboot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl Binary(2) nand0 0x0 tf-a.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl Binary(2) nand0 0x00100000 tf-a.stm32
- 0x03 ssbl Binary none 0x0 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 UBI FileSystem nand0 0x00200000 ubi.bin

For OPT-TEE support, program tf-a-optee.stm32 with OP-TEE support and add the needed optee UBI volumes: teeh, teed, teex.

Warning: UBI is not supported in TFA

SD card: FAT

Below an example with FAT bootfs partition (kernel and RAMFS) and an empty userfs partition (deleted and formatted by Linux on first boot):

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
P 0x01 fsbl1 Binary mmc0 0x0 tf-a.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl2 Binary mmc0 0x40000 tf-a.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl Binary mmc0 0x80000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc0 0x200000 bootfs.vfat
PED 0x11 userfs Empty mmc0 0x400000 none

Load and program different binaries

Same example as above with the first two partitions (named "2boot"). They are not programmed and only loaded in RAM.

Userfs is empty but not deleted.

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl2boot Binary none 0x0 tf-a2boot.stm32
- 0x03 ssbl2boot Binary none 0x0 u-boot2boot.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl1 Binary mmc0 0x40000 tf-a.stm32
P 0x04 fsbl2 Binary mmc0 0x0 tf-a.stm32
P 0x05 ssbl Binary mmc0 0x80000 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 rootfs System mmc0 0x200000 rootfs.vfat
PE 0x11 userfs FileSytem mmc0 0x400000 none

RawImage

The SD card content is exported as RAW device and updated with the image.sdcard file:

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl Binary none 0x0 tf-a.stm32
- 0x03 ssbl Binary none 0x0 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 sdcard RawImage mmc0 0x0 image.sdcard

You can also erase the device before performing the update, by adding D in option.

Deleting device content

For example, NOR and NAND Flash memories are deleted with:

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl none none 0x0 tf-a.stm32
- 0x03 ssbl none none 0x0 u-boot.stm32
PDE 0x10 nor RawImage nor0 0x0 none
PDE 0x11 nand RawImage nand0 0x0 none

To erase all other devices, including the e•MMC boot partition, proceed as follows:

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
- 0x01 fsbl1 Binary none 0x0 tf-a.stm32
- 0x03 ssbl Binary none 0x0 u-boot.stm32
PDE 0x10 sdcard RawImage mmc0 0x0 none
PED 0x20 emmc_boot1 Binary mmc1 boot1 none
DPE 0x21 emmc_boot2 Binary mmc1 boot2 none
EPD 0x22 emmc RawImage mmc1 0x0 none
DPE 0x30 nand RawImage nand0 0x0 none
PDE 0x40 nor RawImage nor0 0x0 none

Warning: A timeout may occur in STM32CubeProgrammer since deleting NOR Flash memory might be slow. To avoid this issue you can delete only the used partitions (Option=PED), for example: 

#Opt	Id	Name		Type		Device	Offset		Binary
-	0x01	fsbl_boot	Binary		none	0x0		fsbl.stm32
-	0x03	ssbl_boot	Binary		none	0x0		ssbl.stm32
#delete ALL devices
EPD	0x10	sdcard		RawImage	mmc0	0x0		none
PED	0x02	emmc_b1		Binary		mmc1	boot1		none
PED	0x04	emmc_b2		Binary		mmc1	boot2		none
PED	0x20	emmc		RawImage	mmc1	0x0		none
PED	0x30	nand		RawImage	nand0	0x0		none
# on NOR (slow device): delete ALL used partitions
PE	0x40	nor		RawImage	nor0	0x0		none
PED	0x41	fsbl1_nor	Binary		nor0	0x00000000	none
PED	0x42	fsbl2_nor	Binary		nor0	0x00040000	none
PED	0x43	ssbl_nor	Binary		nor0	0x00080000	none
PED	0x44	env_nor	Binary		nor0	0x00280000	none
PE	0x45	unused		Binary		nor0	0x002C0000	none

Complex use case

Update SD card (mmc0 on SDMMC1). The GPT partition is created since all partitions are selected and Userfs is deleted and empty.

Erase all other devices, including e•MMC hidden boot partition.

Opt Part Name Type Device Offset Binary
P 0x01 fsbl1 Binary mmc0 0x04400 tf-a.stm32
P 0x02 fsbl2 Binary mmc0 0x44400 tf-a.stm32
P 0x03 ssbl Binary mmc0 0x84400 u-boot.stm32
P 0x10 bootfs System mmc0 0x284400 bootfs.stm32
P 0x11 rootfs FileSytem mmc0 0x08284400 rootfs.ext4
DEP 0x12 userfs FileSytem mmc0 0x28284400 none
PED 0x60 emmc_boot1 Binary mmc1 boot1 none
DPE 0x61 emmc_boot2 Binary mmc1 boot2 none
EPD 0x62 emmc RawImage mmc1 0x0 none
D 0x10 nand RawImage nand0 0x0 none

Reference list

  1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB#Device_Firmware_Upgrade
  2. ↑ USB Device Class Specification for Device Firmware Upgrade, Version 1.1, (available at http://www.usb.org/developers/docs): https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/DFU_1.1.pdf
  3. ↑ 3.03.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table
  4. ↑ 4.04.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier
  5. ↑ https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/persistent_block_device_naming

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